Bagel Libre
← Occupational toxicology & industrial hygiene

Asphyxiants — hydrogen sulfide & cyanide

Chemical asphyxiants other than carbon monoxide: hydrogen sulfide and cyanide. Hydrogen sulfide: the knockdown effect, cytochrome oxidase inhibition, carotid body stimulation and respiratory arrest, nitrite treatment, and long-term neurologic sequelae. Cyanide: cellular mechanism of toxicity, lactic acidosis and elevated venous oxygen saturation, retinal arterialization, antidotes (hydroxocobalamin, sodium thiosulfate, nitrites), fire-gas exposure, and the bitter almond odor.

During a medical evaluation for a suspected occupational cyanide exposure, one industrial hygienist detects a 'bitter almond' odor on the victim's breath, while the attending occupational physician cannot detect any such odor. Which of the following best explains this difference?

A.The odor detection threshold for cyanide is extremely high, exceeding 50 ppm
B.Olfactory fatigue occurs within 16 seconds of the initial exposure
C.Clinician detection of the odor is reported in approximately 95% of cases
D.The ability to detect the bitter almond odor is a genetically linked trait