Bagel Libre
Occupational toxicology & industrial hygiene

Lead exposure & surveillance

Inorganic lead toxicology, clinical effects, and OSHA medical surveillance. Toxicokinetics: absorption, distribution to bone (long-term reservoir) and soft tissue, biological half-life, and blood lead level (BLL) as the key biomarker. Hematological effects of heme synthesis disruption: ALA-dehydratase and ferrochelatase inhibition, zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) elevation, basophilic stippling, microcytic anemia. Neurological effects: peripheral motor neuropathy (wrist drop), encephalopathy in severe exposure, neurodevelopmental effects in children. Renal effects: chronic nephropathy and saturnine gout. Reproductive and developmental risks. Chelation therapy (EDTA, succimer/DMSA). Surveillance, biological monitoring, and medical removal protection under 29 CFR 1910.1025.

A 42-year-old worker in lead smelting presents with new-onset weakness. Which clinical pattern is most characteristic of lead-induced peripheral neuropathy?

A.Early and prominent sensory nerve damage
B.Predilection for the extensor muscles of the most active extremity
C.Frequent involvement of the lower extremities resulting in foot drop
D.Rapid and complete reversal of motor deficits following chelation
E.Development of weakness only when blood lead levels exceed 100 µg/100 g